A new conspectus of the Genus Coryphantha

published in Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 11: 5, april 2001
by Reto F. Dicht & Adrian D.Luthy (shortened issue)

Genus Coryphantha (Engelmann) Lemaire, Cactees 32, 1868 (nom.cons. ICBN 5411 a) = Aulacothele (Lemaire) Monville, Cat. Pl. Exot.:21, 1846.

Basionym: Mammillaria subgenus Coryphantha Engelmann,

Syn.Cact US, 8, 1856; Proc.Amer. Acad. 3: 264 (1857).

Lectotype: Coryphantha sulcata ed. 2, 1-3. Scribner, New (Engelmann) Britton & Rose (Britton, N.L. & Brown, A., An illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, New York, 1913).

Syn. Mammillaria Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ.177,1812 (pro parte); Echinocactus Link & Otto, Vehr. Ver. Bef. 3:420, 1827 (pro parte); Mammillaria [tax.infrag.] Aulacothelae Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov.92: 1839; Mammillaria subsect. Aulacothelae (Lemaire) Lawrence, Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv., ser.3, 6:313-321, 1841; Cactus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:261, 1891 (pro parte); Cactus section Coryphantha (Engelmann) Coulter, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb 3 (2):95, 1894; Neolloydia Britton & Rose, Bull. Torr. Club. 49:251, 1922 (pro parte); Lepidocoryphantha Backeberg, Blatter Kakteenforschung 6: 10,14,18,22. 1938; Escobrittonia Doweld, Sukkulenty, vol. 3, No. 1 2000 (pro parte, tantum quoad typ).

Definition: Capacity to produce extra-floral nectary-glands. Floriferous tubercles grooved. Flowers in the plant-apex. Fruits green, juicy. Seeds brown, testa reticulate.

I. Subgenus Neocoryphantha Backeberg emend. Dicht & A.Luthy, Jahrb. Dtsch. Kakt. Ges. 2:61, 1942 pro parte.

Type: Coryphantha clavata (Scheidweiler) Backeberg.

Syn.: Mammillaria Section Glanduliferae Salm-Dyck in Walpers, [in Suppl.I] Repert. bot. syst. 2(2):272, 1843 (nom.inval. ICBN art. 52.1, including M. aulacothele Lemaire, the type species of validly and earlier published Mammillaria sect. Aulacothelae Lemaire, Cact. Gen. Nov. 92, 1839); Series Recurvatae Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4:24, 1923; Series Glanduliferae (Salm-Dyck) H.Bravo und H.Sanchez-Mejorada, Las Cactaceas de Mexico, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico 475, 1991 (nom.inval. ICBN art 52.1).

Definition: Plants with Macromeris-, Protomammillaria- or Ortegocactus-areole-type (ZIMMERMAN 1985), or Protocoryphantha-type as defined below (see Sect.Robustispina); with nectary glands in the tubercle-grooves and/or in the axils. Cortex watery or mucilaginous. Seeds reniform.

I. A. Section Lepidocoryphantha (Backeberg) Moran Gentes Herb. 8(4):318, 1953

Typ/type: Coryphantha macromeris (Engelmann) Lemaire.

Basionym: Lepidocoryphantha Backeberg, Blatter Kakteenforschung 6: 10,14,18,22. 1938, pro gen.

Syn.: Series Macromeres Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4:24, 1923; Genus

Definition: Macromeris-areole-type (ZIMMERMAN 1985): Plants flowering only after attainment of maximum-length areolar grooves, which extend only about half-way to the axils. Margins of outer perianth segments fimbriate. Ovary and fruits with few single scales. Cortex mucilaginous.

1 a. Coryphantha macromeris subsp. macromeris (Engelmann) Lemaire Cactees 35, 1868

Basionym: Mammillaria macromeris Engelmann in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour. North. Mex. 97,1848.

Lectotype: Benson, Cacti US & Canada, 959. 1982: U.S.A., New Mexico, Donana, 8 May 1846, Wislizenus s.n. (MO)

1 b. Coryphantha macromeris subsp. runyonii (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor, CCI 6:15, 1998

Basionym: Coryphantha runyonii Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:26, 1923.

Lectotype: Rio Grande (City), Runyon, Aug.10.1921:US (Benson, Cact. Suc. J.(US) 41:188, 1969.

Syn.: Lepidocoryphantha runyonii (Britton & Rose) Backeberg, Cactaceae 5:2975, 1961; Coryphantha macromeris var. runyonii (Britton & Rose) Benson, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 41:188,1969; Lepidocoryphantha macromeris ssp. runyonii (Britton & Rose) Doweld, Sukkulenty 1999 (1): 28, 1999.

I.B Section Robustispina Dicht & A.Luthy sect.nov.

Type: Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann) Britton & Rose.

Definition: Protocoryphantha-areole-type as described here: grooves becoming slowly longer on each newly formed tubercle during the ontogenesis of the individual plant, this process getting interrupted for a longer period (years) when the grooves reach about 3/4 of the way to the tubercle-axils and persistence of incomplete grooves on old tubercles, flowering only after attainment of maximum-length areolar grooves reaching the axils. Cortex watery.

2. Coryphantha poselgeriana (Dietrich) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4: 28, 1923 (for validity: see remark below)

Basionym: Echinocactus poselgerianus Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz.19:346, 1851.

Type: none

Syn.: Coryphantha poselgeriana var. saltillensis (Poselger) Bremer, Cact. Suc. Mex.22:16, 1977; Mammillaria valida Purpus, Monats. Kakt.21:97, 1911, Nom.illeg. Art.53 [Non Mammillaria valida Weber, Dict.Hort.Bois. 806, 1898. Nec Mammillaria scheeri var. valida Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad.3:265, 1856 (=Coryphantha robustispina subsp.scheeri (Lemaire) Taylor)]; Coryphantha valida (Purpus) Bremer, Cact. Suc. Mex. 22:14, 1977 (see Art.58.3); Coryphantha poselgeriana (Dietrich) Britton & Rose var. valida (Purpus) Heinrich ex Backeberg, Cactaceae 5: 3050, 1961. (see art. 58.3), [Non Coryphantha scheeri (Kuntze) Benson var. valida (Engelmann) Benson, The Cacti of Arizona 25, 1969 (=Coryphantha robustispina subsp.scheeri (Lemaire) Taylor)]; Mammillaria kieferiana Hort.ex Boedeker, Zeits. Sukk.270, 1928; Coryphantha kieferiana Berger, Kakteen 276, 1929; Echinocactus salinensis Poselger 1853 sensu Br.& R., Cactaceae 4:28, 1923; Mammillaria difficilis Quehl 1908 sensu Br.& R., Cactaceae 4:28, 1923.

Remark: Use of the name Coryphantha poselgeriana (Dietrich) Britton & Rose for this taxon depends on rejection of the earlier but confused name Mammillaria salm-dyckiana Scheer ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck 1849:134, 1850; see Dicht, Cact. Syst. Init. 10:21 (2000).

3 a. Coryphantha robustispina subsp. robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann) Britton & Rose, Cact.4: 33, 1923.

Basionym: Mammillaria robustispina Schott ex Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3:1856.

Type:Llanos on the South side of Baboquivaria, presumably on the Sonora side of the boundary. Schott 4, MO, specimen id 01443835. Isotype: F 42679.

Syn.: Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii (Poselger) Britton & Rose var. robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann) Marshall, Ariz. Cact.94, 1953. See Art.55.2; Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii Britton & Rose subsp. robustispina (Engelmann) Dicht, Kakt. and. Sukk. 47(12): 252, 1996; Coryphantha scheeri (Kuntze) Benson var. robustispina (Schott ex Engelmann) Benson, Cact. Arizona 25, 1969; Coryphantha scheeri Lemaire var. robustispina Benson, Cacti of the United States and Canada: 820, 1982; Mammillaria brownii Toumey, Bot. Gaz.22:253, 1896; Cactus brownii Toumey, Bot. Gaz.22:253, 1896.

3 b. Coryphantha robustispina subsp. scheeri (Lemaire) N.P.Taylor, CCI 6: 18, 1998

Basionym: Coryphantha scheeri Lemaire, Cactees 35, 1868.

Lectotype: Allg.Gartenz.15(3): t.2, 1847 (Taylor, CCI 6:18, 1998).

Syn.: Mammillaria scheeri Muhlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 5:97, 1847, non Mammillaria scheeri Muhlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz. 44:346, 1845 (= Neolloydia conoidea); Mammillaria scheeri Muhlenpfordt var. valida Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad.3:265, 1856, non Mammillaria valida Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 806, 1898, nec Mammillaria valida, Purpus, Monats. Kakt.21:97, 1911, nec Coryphantha valida (Purpus) Bremer, Cact. Suc. Mex. 22:14, 1977; Cactus scheeri (Muhlen-pfordt) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.1:261, 1891; Coryphantha scheeri (Kuntze) Benson, Cact. Succ. J.(US) 41:234, 1969; Coryphantha scheeri (Kuntze) Benson var. valida (Engelmann) Benson, Cact. Arizona 25, 1969; Coryphantha scheeri (Kuntze) Benson var. uncinata Benson, Cact.Succ.J.(US) 41:234, 1969; Coryphantha scheeri Lemaire var. uncinata Benson, Cacti of the United States and Canada: 820, 1982; Echinocactus muehlenpfordtii Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21:102, 1853, non Mammillaria muehlenpfordtii Forster, ex Otto & Dietr., Allg. Gartenz.15:49, 1847 , nec Echinocactus muehlenpfordtii Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 9:65, 1847 (=Thelocactus setispinus); Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii (Poselger) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae IV:28, 1923; Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii Britton & Rose subsp. muehlenpfordtii Dicht, Kakt. and. Sukk. 47 (5):98, 1996; Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii subsp.uncinata (Benson) Dicht, Kakt.and. Sukk. 47(5): 98, 1996; Mammillaria engelmannii Cory, Rhodora 8:405, 1936, non Coryphantha engelmannii Lemaire, Cactees 34, 1868, nec Cactus engelmannii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.1:261, 1891; Coryphantha neoscheeri Backeberg, Cactaceae V:3051, 1961; Coryphantha robustispina subsp. uncinata (Benson) N.P.Taylor, CCI 6: 18, 1998.

I.C Section Neocoryphantha Dicht & A.Luthy stat.nov.

Typ/type: Coryphantha clavata (Scheidweiler) Backeberg

Definition: Protomammillaria-areole-type (ZIMMERMAN 1985) with an abrupt transition from a completely groove-less sterile condition to areoles having full-fledged fertile areolar grooves, flowering only after the development of grooves.

I.C.a Series Echinoideae Dicht & A.Luthy ser.nov.

Type: Coryphantha echinoidea (Quehl) Britton & Rose.

Definition: modified Protomammillaria-areole-type (ZIMMERMAN 1985) with an abrupt transition from a completely groove-less sterile condition with preaxillary meristematic activity (glands) to areoles having full-fledged fertile areolar grooves, flowers appearing between the preaxillary gland and the axil. Cortex watery.

4. Coryphantha wohlschlageri Holzeis, Kakt. and. Sukk. 41(3): 50, 1990

Type: San Francisco, SLP, M.Wohlschlager WM 223, Botanisches Institut der Universitat Wien (WU).

5. Coryphantha vaupeliana Bodeker, Zeits. Sukk. 206, 1928

Lectotype: Illustration in first description as cited above (designated here).

Syn. Coryphantha daemenoceras Jaumavei Fric, Mollers Dtsch. Gartenz. 23:6, 1925-26 nom.nud.

6. Coryphantha glanduligera (Otto) Lemaire, Cactees 34, 1868

Basionym: Mammillaria glanduligera Otto (in Dietrich), Allg. Gartenzeitung 16:298, 1848.

Lectotype: Fig. Monatsschr. DKG 10:191, 1929 (Dicht in Kakt. and. Sukk.48(10):221, 1997).

Syn.: Echinocactus glanduligerus (Otto) Poselger, Allg. Gartenzeitung 21:102, 1853; Cactus glanduliger (Otto) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:260, 1891; Coryphantha bergeriana Bodeker, Monatsschr. DKG 10:191, 1929.

7. Coryphantha echinoidea (Quehl) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:30, 1923

Basionym: Mammillaria echinoidea Quehl , Monatsschr. Kakt. 23: 42, 1913

Lectotype: Fig. Monatsschr. Kakt.23: 42, 1913 (designated here).

I.C.b Series Clavatae Dicht & A.Luthy ser.nov.

Typ/type: Coryphantha clavata (Scheideweiler) Backeberg

Definition: Typical Protomammillaria-areole-type (ZIMMERMAN 1985). Cortex mucilaginous.

8. Coryphantha octacantha (De Candolle) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:30, 1923

Basionym: Mammillaria octacantha De Candolle, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17:113, 1828.

Type: none.

Syn.: Coryphantha clava (Pfeiffer) Lemaire, Cactees 34, 1868; Coryphantha glanduligera Otto et Dietr.1848 sensu Br.&R., Cactaceae 4: 31, 1923; Coryphantha asterias Cels ex Salm-Dyck 1850 sensu Br.&R., Cactaceae 4: 31, 1923; Echinocactus glanduligerus Poselger 1853 sensu Br.&R., Cactaceae 4: 31, 1923; Coryphantha glanduligera Lemaire 1868 sensu Br.&R., Cactaceae 4: 31, 1923.

9. Coryphantha jalpanensis Buchenau, Cact. Suc. Mex. 10:36, 1965

Type: Buchenau, MEXU.

10 a. Coryphantha clavata subsp. clavata (Scheidweiler) Backeberg, Jahrb. Deuts. Kakt.61, 1942

Basionym: Mammillaria clavata Scheidw., Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux.5:494,1838.

Type: none.

Syn.: Neolloydia clavata (Scheidw.) Br.&R., Cactaceae 4:15,1923; Coryphantha clavata ancistracantha Marshall, Cact. Succ. J. (US) XIX, 10, 1947; Coryphantha unicornis Bodeker, Zeits. Sukk.205, 1928.

10 b. Coryphantha clavata subsp. stipitata (Scheidweiler) Dicht & A.Luthy comb.et stat. nov.

Basionym: Mammillaria stipitata Scheidw., Bull.Acad.Sci.Brux.5:495,1838.

Type: none.

Syn.: Coryphantha clavata var. ancistracantha (Lemaire) Heinrich ex Backeb., Cactaceae 5:2995, 1951; Coryphantha rhaphidacantha ancistracantha (Schum.) Ito, 1952.

11. Coryphantha glassii Dicht & A.Luthy, Kakt. and. Sukk. 51 (1 ): 1, 2000.

Type: Sanguijuela, San Luis Potosi, Alberto Arredondo Nr. 527, Herbarium SLPM 28287.

12. Coryphantha erecta (Lemaire) Lemaire, Cactees 34, 1869

Basionym: Mammillaria erecta Lemaire ex Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 5:369, 1837.

Lectotype: Lemaire, Iconogr. descr. des Cactees, Part 2, Plate 3, 1843 (designated here).

13. Coryphantha potosiana (Jacobi) Glass & Foster, Cact.Succ.J. (US) 42:266, 1970.

Basionym: Mammillaria potosiana Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24:92, 1856 (non Mammillaria potosina Br.& R., Cact. 4:99, 1923).

Type: none.

I.D Section Ottonis Dicht & A.Luthy sect.nov.

Type: Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiffer) Lemaire.

Definition: Ortegocactus-areole-type (ZIMMERMAN 1985) with abrupt change to full-length areolar grooves after a Mammillaria-like stage, but which can flower from areoles that are characteristic of either stage of development. Cortex mucilaginous.

14. Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiffer) Lemaire, Cactees 34, 1868

Basionym: Mammillaria ottonis Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 6:274, 1838.

Type: none.

Syn.: Coryphantha asterias (Cels) Boedeker ex Berger, Kakteen 274, 1929; Coryphantha bussleri (Mundt) Scheinvar, Phytologia 49:3, 1981; Coryphantha guerkeana (Bodeker) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:29, 1923.

15. Coryphantha vogtherriana Werdermann & Bodeker, Monatsschr. DKG 32, 1932.

Lectotype: Illustration (Fig.1) in first description as cited above (designated here).

16. Coryphantha georgii Bodeker, Monatsschr. DKG.163, 1931.

Lectotype: Illustration in first description as cited above (designated here).

Syn.: Coryphantha villarensis Backeberg, Fedde., Rep. 51:64, 1942; Coryphantha grata Bremer, Cact Succ.J.(US) 53:276, 1981.

II. Subgenus Coryphantha

Type: Coryphantha sulcata (Engelmann) Britton & Rose (type of the genus).

Syn.: Mammillaria Section Aulacothelae Salm-Dyck (syn. Brachythelae Pfeiffer, Aulacothelae Lemaire) in Walpers, Cacteae in Suppl.I Repert. bot. syst. 272, 1843; Series Sulcolanatae Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:24, 1923; Series Aulacothelae (Lemaire) H.Bravo and H.Sanchez-Mejorada, Las Cactaceas de Mexico, Universidad Autonomo de Mexico 431, 1991; Escobrittonia Doweld, Sukkulenty, vol. 3, No. 1 2000 (pro parte).

Definition: Escobaria-areole-type (ZIMMERMAN 1985), flowering only from full-length narrow areolar-grooves after a gradual sterile transition phase. Grooves and axils without nectary glands, except of optional glands close to the spiniferous (abaxial) part of the areole. Seeds reniform or globous. Cortex watery.

II.A Section Coryphantha

Type: Coryphantha sulcata (Engelmann) Britton & Rose (type of the genus).

Definition: Fruits juicy, green. Seeds reniform.

II.A.a Series Retusae Dicht & A.Luthy ser.nov.

Type: Coryphantha elephantidens (Lemaire) Lemaire.

Definition: Majority of radial spines subulate.

17 a. Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. elephantidens (Lemaire) Lemaire, Cactees 35, 1868 (for validity:see remark below)

Basionym: Mammillaria elephantidens Lemaire, Cact.Aliq.Nov.1,1838.

Lectotype: Lemaire, Iconogr. descr. des Cactees, Part 5, Plate 9, 1841 (designated here).

Syn.: Mammillaria retusa Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 5:369, 1837 (nom.rejic.); Mammillaria sulcolanata Lemaire, Cact. aliqu. nov. 2, 1838; Mammillaria recurvispina De Vriese, Tijdscht. Nat. Gesch.6:53, 1839; Echinocactus elephantidens (Lemaire) Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21:102, 1853; Echinocactus sulcolanatus (Lemaire) Poselger, Allg. Gartenzeitung 21:102,1853; Cactus elephantidens (Lemaire) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:260, 1891; Cactus sulcolanatus (Lemaire) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:261, 1891; Cactus recurvispinus (De Vriese) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:261, 1891; Coryphantha elephantidens var.barciae Bremer, Cact. Suc. Mex. 18:55, 1973; Coryphantha recurvispina (De Vriese) Bremer, Cact. Suc. Mex. 21:12, 1976; Coryphantha garessii Bremer, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 52:82, 1980.

17 b. Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. bumamma (Ehrenberg) Dicht & A.Luthy comb.et stat.nov.

Basionym: Mammillaria bumamma Ehrenberg, Allg. Gartenz.17:243, 1849.

Type: none.

Syn.: Mammillaria elephantidens bumamma Schumann, Keys Monogr. Cact.43, 1903; Coryphantha bumamma Britton & Rose, Cact. IV:33, 1923.

17 c. Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. greenwoodii (Bravo) Dicht & A.Luthy comb.et stat.nov.

Basionym: Coryphantha greenwoodii Bravo, Cact. Suc. Mex. 15:27, 1970

Type: MEXU.

18. Coryphantha retusa Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4:38, 1923 (for validity: see remark below)

Lectotype: Britton & Rose, Cact.4:38 (Fig.36), 1923.

Syn.: Melocactus Mammillariaeformis Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenzeitung 4:192, 1836 (nom.rejic.); Mammillaria cephalophora Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck 1849, 1850 (nom.rejic.); Echinocactus cephalophorus (Salm-Dyck) Poselger, Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102, 1853 (nom.rejic.); Cactus cephalophorus (Salm-Dyck) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 260, 1891 (nom.rejic.); Coryphantha melleospina Bravo, An. Inst. Biol. Mex.25:526, 1954; Coryphantha retusa (Pfeiffer) Britton & Rose var. melleospina (Bravo) Bravo, Cact. Suc. Mex. 27:17,1982.

Remark: The validity of the names Coryphantha elephantidens and Coryphantha retusa depends on the decision of the Committee for Spermatophytes of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) to be taken upon a proposal submitted by R.Dicht and Adrian D.Luthy to conserve Coryphantha retusa Britton & Rose Cact. 4:38, 1923 and to reject Mammillaria retusa Pfeiffer, Allg.Gartenz. 5:369, 1837 and Melocactus Mammillariaeformis Salm-Dyck, Allg.Gartenzeitung 4:192, 1836 in the interest of nomenclatural stability. In fact the basionym Mammillaria retusa Pfeiffer was the first and therefore valid description of what was later redescribed as Coryphantha elephantidens (Lemaire) Lemaire. Without acceptance of this proposal, and following the rule of priority of the ICBN valid present nomenclature is as follows:

II.A.b Series Pycnacanthae Dicht & A.Luthy, ser.nov.

Type: Coryphantha pycnacantha (Martius) Lemaire.

Definition: 3 or more central spines always present, but noone porrect, all appressed.

19. Coryphantha pycnacantha (Martius) Lemaire, Cactees 35, 1868

Basionym: Mammillaria pycnacantha Martius, Nov.Act.Nat.Cur.16:325, 1832.

Lectotype: Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur.16:325, 1832 (designated here).

Syn.: Coryphantha connivens Br.& R., Cactaceae 4:34, 1923; Coryphantha andreae Purp.et Boed. 1928.

20. Coryphantha tripugionacantha Lau, Cact. Suc. Mex.33:20, 1988

Type: Lau Nr. 1469, 1983, MEXU.

II.A.c Series Salinenses Dicht & A.Luthy, ser.nov.

Type: Coryphantha salinensis (Poselger) Dicht & A.Luthy.

Definition: Tubercles appressed ("pineapple"), majority of radial spines needlelike, dominating central spine (if present) porrect.

21. Coryphantha salinensis (Poselger) Dicht & A.Luthy, Kakt. and. Sukk. 49 (11):253, 1998

Basionym: Echinocactus salinensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz.21:106, 1853.

Neotype: Salinas Victoria NL, Dicht & A.Luthy, Herbarium G.B.Hinton Nr.27113.

Syn.: Coryphantha borwigii Purpus, Gartenflora 338, 1927.

22. Coryphantha difficilis (Quehl) A.Berger, Kakteen:271, 1929

Basionym: Mammillaria difficilis Quehl, Monats. Kakt.18:107, 1908.

Lectotype: Fig. Monats. Kakt.18:107, 1908 (designated here).

Syn.: Coryphantha densispina Werdermann in Fedde, Rep.30:57, 1932.

23 a. Coryphantha durangensis subsp. durangensis (Runge ex Schumann) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:42, 1923

Basionym: Mammillaria durangensis Runge ex Schumann, Gesamtb.Kakt. 478, 1898.

Type: unknown.

23 b. Coryphantha durangensis subsp. cuencamensis (Bremer) Dicht & A.Luthy comb.et stat.nov.

Basionym: Coryphantha cuencamensis Bremer, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 52:183,1980.

Type: Bremer 1979, Nr.379-4, Herbarium Arizona State Univ. Tempe, AZ.

24. Coryphantha longicornis Bodeker, Monatsschr. DKG 249, 1931

Lectotype: Illustration in first description as cited above (designated here).

Syn.: Coryphantha grandis Bremer, Cact.Succ.J.(US) 50:124, 1978.

25 a. Coryphantha pallida subsp. pallida Britton & Rose, Cact. 4: 40, 1923

Type: J.N.Rose Nr. 5583, 1901.

Syn.: Coryphantha pseudoradians Bravo, An.Inst.Biol.Mex.25:228,1954; Coryphantha radians var. pseudoradians Bravo, Cact.Suc.Mex.27:17, 1982.

25 b. Coryphantha pallida subsp. calipensis (Bravo ex Arias et al.) Dicht & A.Luthy, Journ.Mamm.Soc. 40 (4): 50, nov.2000.

Basionym: Coryphantha calipensis Bravo ex Arias et al., Cact. Succ. Mex.XXXVII:71, 1992

Type: Calipan al Sur de Tehuacan PUE, H.Bravo 1960, MEXU 60655.

Syn.: Coryphantha calipensis Bravo, Cact.Succ.Mex.IX:79,1964 (nom.nud.).

II.A.d Series Coryphantha

Type: Coryphantha sulcata (Engelmann) Britton & Rose (type of the genus).

Definition: tubercles porrect, majority of radial spines needlelike, dominating central spine (if present) porrect.

Subseries Coryphantha

Type: Coryphantha sulcata (Engelmann) Britton & Rose (type of the genus).

Definition: radial spines up to 12.

26. Coryphantha maiz-tablasensis Backeberg, Blatt. Sukk. 1:5, 1949

Type: none.

27. Coryphantha sulcata (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4: 48, 1923

Basionym: Mammillaria sulcata Engelmann, Bost. J. Nat. Hist.5:246, 1845 [non Pfeiffer ex Forster, Handb. Cact. 255, 1846, nom.nud.]

Type: Sandstone rocks near Industry, Austin County, Texas, Lindheimer in July, 1844, MO (Hunt & Benson, Cact.Succ.J.(US) 48:72, 1976).

Syn.: Mammillaria strobiliformis Muehlenpfordt, Allg. Gartenz.16:19, 1848 [non Engelmann in Wislizenius, Mem. Tour. N. Mex. 14, 1848]; Mammillaria calcarata Engelmann, Bost. J. Nat. Hist. 6:195, 1850; Coryphantha calcarata (Engelmann) Lemaire, Cactees 35, 1868; Cactus calcaratus (Engelmann) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:259, 1891; Cactus scolymoides (Scheidweiler) Kuntze var. sulcatus Coulter, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.3:116, 1898; Mammillaria radians De Candolle, var sulcata Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakt.496, 1898; Cactus sulcatus Small, Fl. Se. U.S. 812, 1903; Coryphantha radians Br.& R. var. sulcata Yto, Cacti 1952: 115, 1952; Coryphantha roederiana Bodeker, Monatsschr. DKG 1:153, 1929; Coryphantha speciosa Bodeker, Monatsschr. DKG.2:23, 1930; Coryphantha obscura Bodeker, Monatsschr. DKG 2:25, 1930.

28. Coryphantha hintoniorum Dicht & A.Luthy, Kakt. and. Sukk. 50 (1): 13, 1999

Type: San Gerardo, Galeana NL, Dicht & A.Luthy 1997, Herbarium G.B.Hinton Nr. 27111.

Subseries Corniferae Dicht & A.Luthy subser.nov.

Type: Coryphantha cornifera (De Candolle) Lemaire

Definition: radial spines more than 12; central spines 0-1; tubercles more than 12 mm broad.

29. Coryphantha nickelsiae Brandegee, Zoe 5:31, 1900

Type: none.

Syn.: Coryphantha calochlora Boedeker, Mamm.Vgl.Schluss.7, 1933; Coryphantha sulcata (Engelm.)Br.& R. var. nickelsiae (K.Brandegee) L.Benson Cact. Succ. J. (US) 188, 1969.

30. Coryphantha pseudonickelsiae Backeberg, Blatt. Sukk. 1:8, 1949

Lectotype: Illustration in first description as cited above (designated here).

Syn.: Coryphantha indensis Bremer, Cact. Suc. Mex. 22 (4):75, 1977.

31. Coryphantha compacta (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:36,1923.

Basionym: Mammillaria compacta Engelmann in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour. North Mex.105, 1848.

Type: none.

Syn.: Cactus compactus (Engelmann) Kuntze, Rev.Gen.Pl. 1:260, 1891; Coryphantha palmeri Britton & Rose, Cact.4:39, 1923.

32. Coryphantha cornifera (De Candolle) Lemaire, Cactees 35, 1868

Basionym: Mammillaria cornifera De Candolle, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 17:112, 1828.

Type: none.

Syn.: Coryphantha radians (De Candolle) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 36, 1923; Coryphantha cornuta (Hildmann) Berger, Kakteen 268, 1929; Coryphantha radians var. pectinoides Bravo, Cact. Suc. Mex.27:17, 1982; Coryphantha schwarziana Bodeker, Mamm. Vergl.schlussel 12, 1933; Coryphantha maliterrarum Bremer, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 56:71,1984; Coryphantha bernalensis Bremer, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 56:165, 1984.

33. Coryphantha recurvata (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:27, 1923

Basionym: Mammillaria recurvata Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad.2:202,1863.

Type: none.

Syn.: Mammillaria recurvispina Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad.3:266,1856 (non De Vriese 1839); Cactus recurvatus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.1:259, 1891; Cactus engelmannii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:260,1891; Mammillaria nogalensis Runge ex Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakt.494,1898.

Subseries Neglectae Dicht & A.Luthy subser.nov.

Type: Coryphantha neglecta Bremer

Definition: radial spines more than 12; central spines 0-1; tubercles less than 12 mm broad.

34. Coryphantha delicata Bremer, Cact. Succ. J.(US) 51:76, 1979

Type: Bremer 476-7A, 1976, Herbarium Arizona State Univ., Tempe AZ.

Syn.: Coryphantha Jaumavei Fric, Mollers Deutsche Gartnerztg. 12:140, 1926 nom.nud.; Coryphantha palmeri Britton & Rose sensu Berger, Kakteen 269, 1929 ; Coryphantha panarottoi Halda & Horacek, Acta Mus. Richnov. Sect. Nat. 6 (3):235, 1999.

35. Coryphantha neglecta Bremer, Cact. Suc. Mex.XXIV:3,1979.

Type: Bremer 978-1, MEXU.

36 a. Coryphantha pseudoechinus subsp. pseudoechinus Bodeker, Monatsschr. DKG 17, 1929

Lectotype: Illustration in first description as cited above (designated here).

Syn.: Coryphantha pusilliflora Bremer, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 54: 133, 1982.

36 b. Coryphantha pseudoechinus subsp. laui (Bremer) Dicht & A.Luthy comb.et stat.nov.

Basionym: Coryphantha laui Bremer, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 51: 278, 1979.

Type: Bremer 476-3, Herbarium Arizona State Univ., Tempe AZ.

Subseries Delaetianae Dicht & A.Luthy subser.nov.

Type: Coryphantha delaetiana (Quehl).

Definition: radial spines more than 12; central spines always 3-4.

37. Coryphantha delaetiana (Quehl) Berger, Kakteen 270, 1929

Basionym: Mammillaria delaetiana Quehl, Monats. Kakt.18, 1908.

Lectotype: Fig. Monats.Kakt.18, 1908 (designated here).

Syn.: Mammillaria gladiispina Boedeker, Zeits. f. Sukk. 120, 1925; Coryphantha gladiispina (Bodeker) Berger, Kakteen 271, 1929; Coryphantha salm-dyckiana (Scheer) Br.&R. sensu Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:39, 1923. Coryphantha borwigii sensu Bremer 1980.

38 a. Coryphantha ramillosa subsp. ramillosa Cutak, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 14:164, 1942.

Type: Reagan Canyon, Cutak, Herb.Missouri Bot.Garden Nr. 1242260

38 b. Coryphantha ramillosa subsp. santarosa Dicht & A.Luthy, Kakt. and. Sukk. 51(6): 141, 2000.

Type: La Babia COAH, G.B.Hinton, Herbarium G.B.Hinton 25792

39. Coryphantha pulleineana (Backeberg) Glass, Cact. Succ. Mex. 13(2):34, 1968.

Basionym: Neolloydia pulleineana Backeberg, The Spine 1:4, 106, 1948.

Neotype: Foster Nr. 276 A, Pomona Herbarium, Claremont, California (Glass, loc.cit.).

40. Coryphantha werdermannii Bodeker, Monatsschr. DKG 155, 1929.

Lectotype: Illustration in first description as cited above (designated here)

41. Coryphantha echinus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:42,1923.

Basionym: Mammillaria echinus Engelmann, Proc. .Amer. Acad.3:267, 1856.

Lectotype: Engelmann in Emory, Cact. Bound. Pl.10, 1859 (designated here).

Syn.: Mammillaria pectinata Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad.3:266, 1856; Cactus echinus (Engelmann) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 260, 1891; Cactus pectinatus (Engelmann) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 260, 1891; Mammillaria echinus Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakt.496, 1898; Coryphantha pectinata (Engelmann) Britton & Rose, Cact. 4:34, 1923; Coryphantha radians echinus Ito 1952; Coryphantha cornifera (DC) Britton & Rose var. echinus Benson, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 4:189, 1969.

II.B Section Gracili Coryphantha Dicht & A.Luthy sect.nov.

Type: Coryphantha gracilis Bremer & Lau.

Definition: Seeds globose with a broad basal hilum. Fruits first juicy and green, but soon turning red and drying out.

Syn.: Subgenus Escobrittonia Doweld, Sukkulenty, vol. 3, No. 1 2000 (pro parte).

42. Coryphantha gracilis Bremer & Lau, Cact. Succ. J. (US) 49:71, 1977

Type: Lau L-645, Pelayo, CHI, MEXU.

Literatur:
ZIMMERMAN, A. (1985): Systematics of the genus Coryphantha (Cactaceae): 143, 183. - Dissertation Univ. of Texas. Austin (ined.).